See superactivation on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*úp",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/úp"
],
[
"*-er",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-r"
],
[
"*upér",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/upér#Proto-Indo-European:_above"
],
[
"*super",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/super#Proto-Italic:_above"
],
[
"super",
"super#Latin:_above"
],
[
"super-",
"super-#Latin"
],
[
"super-",
"super-#English"
],
[
"*h₂eǵ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eǵ-#Proto-Indo-European:_drive"
],
[
"*-eti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eti"
],
[
"*h₂éǵeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éǵeti#Proto-Indo-European:_be_driving"
],
[
"*agō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/agō#Proto-Italic:_drive"
],
[
"agō",
"ago#Latin"
],
[
"*-wós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-wós#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectival_suffix"
],
[
"-īvus",
"-ivus#Latin"
],
[
"ἐνεργητικός",
"ἐνεργητικός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"āctīvus",
"activus#Latin"
],
[
"actif",
"actif#Old_French"
],
[
"actyf",
"actyf#Middle_English"
],
[
"active",
"active#English"
],
[
"*-tis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tis"
],
[
"*-Hō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-Hō"
],
[
"*-tiō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-tiō"
],
[
"-tiō",
"-tio#Latin"
],
[
"-ātiō",
"-atio#Latin"
],
[
"-ation",
"-ation#Old_French"
],
[
"-acioun",
"-acioun#Middle_English"
],
[
"-ation",
"-ation#English"
],
[
"active",
"active#English"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-tós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tós#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal_adjectives"
],
[
"*-eh₂tos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂tos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectival"
],
[
"*-ātos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ātos#Proto-Italic:_forming_adjectives"
],
[
"-ātus",
"-atus#Latin:_adjective"
],
[
"-ate",
"-ate#English:_verb"
],
[
"activate",
"activate#English"
],
[
"-ation",
"-ation#English"
],
[
"-ion",
"-ion#English"
],
[
"activation",
"activation#English"
],
[
"super-",
"super-#English"
],
[
"activation",
"activation#English"
]
],
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"2": ":af",
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"4": "activation",
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superactivation\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*úp\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-er\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-r\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*upér\", \"gloss\" : \"above, over\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*super\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"super\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"super-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"super-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"agō\", \"gloss\" : \"to act\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"drive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"be driving\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"drive\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂eǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂éǵeti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*agō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ago\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"alt\" : \"-īvus\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-iHwós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-wós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ivus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"sl.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Semantic loan from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἐνεργητικός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"semantic loan\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"āctīvus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"actif\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"acts\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"made\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"act\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*agō<id:drive>\", \"id\" : \"act\", \"title\" : \"agō\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"agō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"past participle\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"āctus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ācta\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"act\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"acte\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"-ive\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":der\", \"3\" : \"ine-pro:<alt:*-iHwós><ety:from<*-wós<id:adjectival suffix>>>\", \"id\" : \"-ive\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īvus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-if\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-yf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"actyf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"active\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-acioun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"en\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"enm:actyf\", \"tree\" : \"1\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"active\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"verb\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂tos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ātos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ate\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"activate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"en\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"enm:-acioun\", \"text\" : \"++\", \"tree\" : \"1\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ion\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"activation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"superactivation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"superactivation\">\nFrom super- + activation.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
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"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "super-",
"4": "activation",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-lbor.\nEnglish super-\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti\nProto-Italic *agō\nLatin agō\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\n▲\nAncient Greek ἐνεργητικός (energētikós)sl.\nLatin āctīvuslbor.\nOld French actifbor.\nMiddle English actyf\nEnglish active\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\n▲\nEnglish active\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātuslbor.\nEnglish -ate\nEnglish activate\n▲\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ion\nEnglish activation\nEnglish superactivation\nFrom super- + activation.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-lbor.\nEnglish super-\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti\nProto-Italic *agō\nLatin agō\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\n▲\nAncient Greek ἐνεργητικός (energētikós)sl.\nLatin āctīvuslbor.\nOld French actifbor.\nMiddle English actyf\nEnglish active\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\n▲\nEnglish active\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātuslbor.\nEnglish -ate\nEnglish activate\n▲\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ion\nEnglish activation\nEnglish superactivation\nFrom super- + activation.",
"forms": [
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"form": "superactivations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"args": {
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"expansion": "superactivation (countable and uncountable, plural superactivations)",
"name": "en-noun"
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
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{
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{
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"langcode": "en",
"name": "Physics",
"orig": "en:Physics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The activation of a pair of quantum channels that each have zero capacity in order to achieve a nonzero capacity."
],
"id": "en-superactivation-en-noun-I3BKG9Pv",
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"activation",
"activation"
],
[
"pair",
"pair"
],
[
"quantum",
"quantum"
],
[
"channel",
"channel"
],
[
"capacity",
"capacity"
],
[
"nonzero",
"nonzero"
],
[
"capacity",
"capacity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) The activation of a pair of quantum channels that each have zero capacity in order to achieve a nonzero capacity."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
}
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"sounds": [
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"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superactivation.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-superactivation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-superactivation.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
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],
"word": "superactivation"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*úp",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/úp"
],
[
"*-er",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-r"
],
[
"*upér",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/upér#Proto-Indo-European:_above"
],
[
"*super",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/super#Proto-Italic:_above"
],
[
"super",
"super#Latin:_above"
],
[
"super-",
"super-#Latin"
],
[
"super-",
"super-#English"
],
[
"*h₂eǵ-",
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],
[
"*-eti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eti"
],
[
"*h₂éǵeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éǵeti#Proto-Indo-European:_be_driving"
],
[
"*agō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/agō#Proto-Italic:_drive"
],
[
"agō",
"ago#Latin"
],
[
"*-wós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-wós#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectival_suffix"
],
[
"-īvus",
"-ivus#Latin"
],
[
"ἐνεργητικός",
"ἐνεργητικός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"āctīvus",
"activus#Latin"
],
[
"actif",
"actif#Old_French"
],
[
"actyf",
"actyf#Middle_English"
],
[
"active",
"active#English"
],
[
"*-tis",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tis"
],
[
"*-Hō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-Hō"
],
[
"*-tiō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-tiō"
],
[
"-tiō",
"-tio#Latin"
],
[
"-ātiō",
"-atio#Latin"
],
[
"-ation",
"-ation#Old_French"
],
[
"-acioun",
"-acioun#Middle_English"
],
[
"-ation",
"-ation#English"
],
[
"active",
"active#English"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-tós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tós#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal_adjectives"
],
[
"*-eh₂tos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂tos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectival"
],
[
"*-ātos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ātos#Proto-Italic:_forming_adjectives"
],
[
"-ātus",
"-atus#Latin:_adjective"
],
[
"-ate",
"-ate#English:_verb"
],
[
"activate",
"activate#English"
],
[
"-ation",
"-ation#English"
],
[
"-ion",
"-ion#English"
],
[
"activation",
"activation#English"
],
[
"super-",
"super-#English"
],
[
"activation",
"activation#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "super-",
"4": "activation",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-lbor.\nEnglish super-\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti\nProto-Italic *agō\nLatin agō\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\n▲\nAncient Greek ἐνεργητικός (energētikós)sl.\nLatin āctīvuslbor.\nOld French actifbor.\nMiddle English actyf\nEnglish active\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\n▲\nEnglish active\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātuslbor.\nEnglish -ate\nEnglish activate\n▲\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ion\nEnglish activation\nEnglish superactivation\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*úp\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-er\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-r\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*upér\", \"gloss\" : \"above, over\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*super\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"super\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"super-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"super-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"agō\", \"gloss\" : \"to act\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"drive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"be driving\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"drive\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂eǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂éǵeti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*agō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ago\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"alt\" : \"-īvus\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-iHwós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-wós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ivus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"sl.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Semantic loan from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἐνεργητικός\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"semantic loan\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"āctīvus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"actif\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"acts\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"made\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"act\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"itc-pro:*agō<id:drive>\", \"id\" : \"act\", \"title\" : \"agō\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"agō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"past participle\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"āctus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ācta\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"act\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"acte\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"-ive\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"la\", \"2\" : \":der\", \"3\" : \"ine-pro:<alt:*-iHwós><ety:from<*-wós<id:adjectival suffix>>>\", \"id\" : \"-ive\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-īvus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-if\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-yf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"actyf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"active\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-acioun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"en\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"enm:actyf\", \"tree\" : \"1\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"active\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"id\" : \"verb\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂tos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ātos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ate\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"activate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"en\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"enm:-acioun\", \"text\" : \"++\", \"tree\" : \"1\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ion\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"activation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"superactivation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"superactivation\">\nFrom super- + activation.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "super-",
"4": "activation",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-lbor.\nEnglish super-\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti\nProto-Italic *agō\nLatin agō\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\n▲\nAncient Greek ἐνεργητικός (energētikós)sl.\nLatin āctīvuslbor.\nOld French actifbor.\nMiddle English actyf\nEnglish active\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\n▲\nEnglish active\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātuslbor.\nEnglish -ate\nEnglish activate\n▲\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ion\nEnglish activation\nEnglish superactivation\nFrom super- + activation.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-lbor.\nEnglish super-\nProto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-\nProto-Indo-European *-eti\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti\nProto-Italic *agō\nLatin agō\nProto-Indo-European *-wós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHwósder.\nLatin -īvus\n▲\nAncient Greek ἐνεργητικός (energētikós)sl.\nLatin āctīvuslbor.\nOld French actifbor.\nMiddle English actyf\nEnglish active\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\n▲\nEnglish active\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātuslbor.\nEnglish -ate\nEnglish activate\n▲\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish -ion\nEnglish activation\nEnglish superactivation\nFrom super- + activation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "superactivations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "superactivation (countable and uncountable, plural superactivations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eǵ- (drive)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *upér",
"English terms prefixed with super-",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Latin links with redundant target parameters",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"en:Physics"
],
"glosses": [
"The activation of a pair of quantum channels that each have zero capacity in order to achieve a nonzero capacity."
],
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"activation",
"activation"
],
[
"pair",
"pair"
],
[
"quantum",
"quantum"
],
[
"channel",
"channel"
],
[
"capacity",
"capacity"
],
[
"nonzero",
"nonzero"
],
[
"capacity",
"capacity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) The activation of a pair of quantum channels that each have zero capacity in order to achieve a nonzero capacity."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superactivation.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-superactivation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-superactivation.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-superactivation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-superactivation.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "superactivation"
}
Download raw JSONL data for superactivation meaning in All languages combined (18.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.